ON THIS DAY

EVENTS FROM THIS DAY IN HISTORY VISUALISED BY AI

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OCTOBER 3

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Roman Emperor Theodosius I negotiated a peace treaty allowing the Goths to settle in the empire's Balkans region as foederati, or allied troops. This arrangement marked a shift in Roman policy toward integrating barbarian groups. While temporarily stabilizing the relationship, it also set a precedent for future challenges to Roman authority and highlighted vulnerabilities within the empire.

Roman Emperor Theodosius I addressing Gothic leaders during the peace negotiations in 382

382 – Treaty Between Theodosius I and the Goths

Emperor Theodosius I seated on an ornate Roman chair, holding a scroll symbolizing the treaty

Roman and Gothic armies standing apart but observing the negotiations from a distance.

During the Eighty Years' War, Dutch rebels known as the Watergeuzen lifted the Siege of Leiden by breaking dikes and flooding surrounding lands, forcing Spanish forces to retreat. This victory marked a critical turning point in the Dutch fight for independence from Spain and inspired the founding of Leiden University as a symbol of freedom and resistance.

shot of Dutch rebels, the Watergeuzen, breaking dikes to flood the land around Leiden

1574 – Relief of Leiden

Dutch rebel aboard a small boat, steering through the flooded plains with a determined expression

eiden's citizens rejoicing as the Watergeuzen arrive with supplies

The Treaty of Niš concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, establishing a temporary peace between the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Territorial adjustments were made, and the treaty influenced the balance of power in Eastern Europe. While peace was achieved, the agreement set the stage for future conflicts and rivalries between these major powers in the region.

grand Ottoman palace where the Treaty of Niš is being signed

1739 – Treaty of Niš Signed

close-up of the treaty document as it is signed

Eastern European and Ottoman architectural elements blending seamlessly into the environment

President George Washington designated November 26, 1789, as the first national day of thanksgiving in the United States. This proclamation marked the beginning of an official tradition of expressing gratitude for the nation’s achievements and blessings. The observance set a precedent for the modern Thanksgiving holiday, emphasizing reflection, unity, and a spirit of national celebration.

President George Washington reading the Thanksgiving proclamation aloud to an attentive group

1789 – George Washington Proclaims First Thanksgiving

President Washington holding the proclamation, with intricate details of the parchment and his forma

families gathered around a communal table outdoors to celebrate the first Thanksgiving

King Alexander I renamed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to foster a unified national identity under a centralized monarchy. This rebranding aimed to address ethnic divisions, but underlying tensions among various groups persisted. The move shaped the region’s political landscape and foreshadowed challenges that would influence Yugoslavia’s history throughout the 20th century.